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    Posts tagged "violence"

    Tuesday, Sep 1st, 2009 ↓

    Workplace Bullying Is Associated With Sleep Disturbances →

    Sept 1, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—A study in the Sept.1 issue of the journal SLEEP shows that current or past exposure to workplace bullying is associated with increased sleep disturbances. Associations also were found between observed bullying and sleep disruption, indicating that bullying has detrimental effects even when it is experienced indirectly.

    The study shows a high prevalence of workplace bullying, with 11 percent of women and nine percent of men experiencing “hostile behavior” in the work environment at least weekly and for at least six months during the previous 12 months. After adjustment for covariates such as age, occupation, weekly work hours and depressive symptoms, exposure to bullying was significantly associated with self-reported sleep disturbances. The adjusted odds ratio of having disturbed sleep was more than two times higher in men who currently were experiencing workplace bullying (OR=2.29) or had been exposed to daily or almost daily bullying (OR=2.39); women were nearly two times more likely to report having sleep disturbances if they had experienced daily or almost daily bullying (OR=1.73) or had been exposed to bullying for more than five years (OR=1.87).

    Thirty-two percent of women and 31 percent of men also reported that they had observed bullying in the workplace in the previous 12 months. The adjusted odds ratio of having disturbed sleep was 60 percent higher in men and twenty percent higher in women who only observed bullying, and it was more than two times higher in men (OR=2.38) and nearly two times higher in women (OR=1.81) who both observed and experienced bullying. .

    Principal investigator Isabelle Niedhammer, PhD, epidemiologist and researcher at the UCD School of Public Health & Population Science at the University College Dublin in Ireland, said that exposure to any form of violence or harassment at the workplace may strongly increase the risk of having sleep disturbances.

    “Workplace bullying may be considered as one of the leading job stressors and would be a major cause of suicide and other health-related issues,” said Niedhammer. “Our study underlines the need to better understand and prevent occupational risk factors, such as bullying, for sleep disorders.”

    For full article, see link above.

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    Tags: workplace job work stress bullying bully sleep disturbance disorder suicide prevention risk violence harassment behaviour hostile
    Friday, Aug 21st, 2009 ↓

    Alcohol Advertising Reaching Too Many Teens On Cable TV, Researchers Say →

    Aug 21, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—A new study from the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, in collaboration with UCLA, has found a striking correlation between teenage viewership and the frequency of alcohol advertising on cable television. The findings show that ads for beer, spirits and “alcopop” aired much more frequently when more teens were watching.

    While previous studies have shown that the average adolescent is exposed to well over 200 alcohol ads on television each year, this is the first to demonstrate an association between ad placement and teen cable TV viewership. Cable TV attracts about 95 percent of all nationally televised alcohol ads.

    The study will be published in the October issue of the American Journal of Public Health and is currently available online by subscription.

    “Alcohol advertisers have pledged to avoid audiences made up of more than 30 percent underage viewers — such as children’s programming,” said David H. Jernigan, director of the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth and an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “However, many other shows have adolescent appeal. This research suggests that ads are aimed at groups that include a disproportionate number of teens and that the alcohol industry’s voluntary self-monitoring is not working to reduce adolescent exposure to ads.”

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: underage drinking teen teenager alcohol advertising television ad beer spirit viewership programming appeal injury violence crime drinking abuse risk
    Friday, Aug 14th, 2009 ↓

    Substance Abuse, Schizophrenia And Risk Of Violence →

    Aug 13, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—A study published this week in the open access journal PLoS Medicine demonstrates that there is an association between schizophrenia and violence, but shows that this association is greatly increased by drug and alcohol abuse.

    Importantly, the study also finds that the risk of violence from patients with psychoses who also have substance use disorder is no greater than those who have a substance use disorder but who do not have a psychotic illness – in other words, schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses do not appear to be responsible for any additional risk of violence above the increased risk associated with substance abuse. Potentially this finding has implications for attempts to reduce violence in society, suggesting that strategies aimed at reducing drug and alcohol abuse would be more successful than focusing on mental illness.

    Whether or not there is a link between psychotic illnesses and violence has been disputed in the medical literature as well as being a controversial issue with far-reaching social and policy implications.

    Seena Fazel, of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oxford, and colleagues conducted a systematic review of all previous studies examining psychotic illness and the risk of violence to try and resolve their varied conclusions – some of the previous studies concluded that there is no increased risk of violence from patients with schizophrenia, whilst others have reported that there is a marked increase in the risk of violence in individuals with schizophrenia.

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: substance drug alcohol abuse violence schizophrenia psychotic illness mental risk prevention
    Tuesday, Aug 4th, 2009 ↓

    School-based Program Helps Prevent Dating Violence Among Teens, Especially Boys →

    Aug 4, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—A school-based program that integrates information about healthy relationships into the existing ninth-grade curriculum appears to reduce adolescent dating violence and increase condom use two and a half years later, according to a report in the August issue ofArchives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. The effects of the low-cost intervention appear stronger in boys.

    Approximately one in 10 to one in five high school–aged teens are hit, slapped or beaten by an individual they are dating each year, according to background information in the article. Dating violence among adolescents often leads to intimate partner violence in adulthood and also is associated with injuries, unsafe sex, substance use and suicide attempts.

    David A. Wolfe, Ph.D., of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Centre for Prevention Science, London, Ontario, and the University of Toronto, and colleagues in 2004 to 2007 conducted a randomized trial of a 21-lesson curriculum delivered by teachers with special training in the dynamics of dating violence and healthy relationships.

    The program, known as the “Fourth R: Skills for Youth Relationships,” was taught to 968 students at 10 randomly selected high schools. “Dating violence prevention was integrated with core lessons about healthy relationships, sexual health and substance use prevention using interactive exercises. Relationship skills to promote safer decision making with peers and dating partners were emphasized,” they continue. Another 754 students at 10 different schools were assigned to a control group, where similar objectives were targeted but without training or materials.

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: dating teen teenager adolescent violence prevention injury sex relationship partner substance abuse peer
    Thursday, Jul 30th, 2009 ↓

    Mental, Emotional And Behavioral Disorders Can Be Prevented In Young People →

    July 30, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—Around one in five young people in the U.S. have a current mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder. About half of all adults with mental disorders recalled that their disorders began by their mid-teens and three-quarters by their mid-20s. Early onset of mental health problems have been associated with poor outcomes such as failure to complete high school, increased risk for psychiatric and substance problems, and teen pregnancy.

    A new article by Mary E. Evans, RN, PhD, FAAN, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing assesses the recently released government report on preventing these disorders among young people. Dr. Evans’ paper concludes that using certain interventional programs in schools, communities and health care settings, risk for mental illness can be better identified and treated.

    The article highlights the fact that specific risk and protective factors have been identified for many disorders. For example, certain thinking and behavioral patterns are risks for the development of depression. Nonspecific factors that increase risk for developing disorders also include poverty, marital conflict, poor peer relations, and community violence. Also, certain neurobiological factors contribute to the development of disorders in youth, but this is also influenced by environmental factors.

    A key risk factor for externalizing disorders is aggressive social behavior that begins in early childhood. A number of interventions have been developed to provide training in parenting skills to prevent the development of aggressive and antisocial behavior. In addition, some preventive interventions have targeted specific disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Cognitive behavioral treatment for high-risk adolescents has lowered the rate of major depressive symptoms. Also, a number of community-based programs have been shown to be effective in promoting healthy behaviors.

    Journal reference:

    1. Evans et al. Prevention of Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders in Youth: The Institute of Medicine Report and Implications for Nursing. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2009; DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2009.00192.x
    Adapted from materials provided by Wiley-Blackwell, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
    Comments (View)
    Tags: mental emotion behaviour youth disorder problem psychiatric depression thinking pattern violence peer pressure caggressive antisocial schizophrenia
    Monday, Jul 20th, 2009 ↓

    Young Men Living At Home With Parents Are More Violent, Study Suggests →

    July 20, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—Young men who stay at home with their parents are more violent than those who live independently, according to new research at Queen Mary, University of London.

    The new study indicates that men still living at home in their early twenties have fewer responsibilities and more disposable income to spend on alcohol.

    This group makes up only four percent of the UK’s male population but they are responsible for 16 per cent of all violent injuries in the last five years.

    Delaying social independence and remaining in the parental home have become more common over the past 40 years in both the UK and the USA.

    Professor Jeremy Coid and Dr Ming Yang surveyed over 8000 men and women. Participants answered questions about violent behaviour over the past 5 years and mental health problems.

    Their results showed for the first time that staying in the parental home is a stronger risk factor for young men’s violence than any other factor.

    Professor Coid said: “Young adult men living at home in Britain are no longer influenced by parents to conform to standards of behaviour expected of previous generations.

    “Violence outside of the home, mainly involving strangers, is the most common scenario and just one of a series of hedonistic and negative social behaviours such as hazardous drinking, drug misuse, sexual risk taking, and non-violent antisocial behaviour.

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: violence men man parent violent independently alcohol drinking responsibility male income injury
    Monday, Jul 13th, 2009 ↓

    Partner Violence Continues After Break-up →

    July 13, 2009 (Sciencedaily.com)—Violence inflicted by an intimate partner lasts longer if the couple has children together, and the violence continues after the relationship ends. In addition, children are harmed more by witnessing violence between their parents than previously thought.

    These are among the findings from the doctoral work conducted by Solveig Vatnar, a researcher and psychologist who recently defended her dissertation entitled “An Interactional Perspective on Help-Seeking Women Subject to Intimate Partner Violence” at the University of Oslo.

    In her doctoral research, Vatnar interviewed 157 women who survived violence by an intimate partner and who sought help for this reason. The women were recruited from shelters, the police and family counselling agencies. The dissertation consists of four research articles that she co-authored with Professor Stål Bjørkly.

    “Our analyses show that violence by an intimate partner lasts longer for women who have children, even when we control for the duration of the couple’s relationship,” explains Vatnar.

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: violence abuse children relationship control couple family partner
    Saturday, Jun 6th, 2009 ↓

    Too Much Media May Be Tough on Kids' Health →

    June 2, 2009 (HealthDay News) — Easy access to a wide variety of media increases a child’s risk for numerous health issues, such as obesity, eating disorders, drug use and early sexual activity, according to a U.S. expert.

    On average, American children and teens spend more than six hours a day with media such as TV, computers, Internet, video games and VCR or DVD players — more time than they spend per day receiving formal classroom instruction, says Dr. Victor C. Strasburger of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque.

    All this media access affects a variety of health issues, he wrote in the June 3 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, a special theme issue on child and adolescent health.

    “The media are not the leading cause of any pediatric health problem in the United States, but they do make a substantial contribution to many health problems,” Strasburger said. Among them: violence, sex, drugs, obesity and eating disorders.

    Parents, teachers and clinicians need to be educated about these connections, and student education about media should be mandatory in schools, he recommended.

    “Parents have to change the way their children access the media — not permitting TV sets or Internet connections in the child’s bedroom, limiting entertainment screen time to less than two hours per day, and co-viewing with their children and adolescents. Research has shown that media effects are magnified significantly when there is a TV set in the child’s or adolescent’s bedroom,” Strasburger wrote.

    For full article see link above.

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    Tags: prevention children media television internet violence obesity risk adolescence